How can harmonic distortion negatively impact electrical equipment?

Harmonic distortion can significantly impact electrical equipment by causing overheating and reducing its performance. When electrical signals deviate from their intended sinusoidal waveform due to harmonic distortion, they can create additional currents that circulate within the equipment. These currents do not contribute to useful work but instead produce heat, leading to elevated temperatures in components such as transformers, motors, and cables.

The generation of heat not only affects the longevity and reliability of the equipment, as excessive temperatures can lead to insulation breakdown and premature failure, but it also decreases the efficiency with which the equipment operates. As a result, equipment may not perform to its expected capacity, leading to operational challenges and potential malfunctions.

This understanding highlights the critical importance of managing harmonic distortion in electrical systems to ensure proper functionality and extend the lifespan of equipment.