What is a common cause of voltage surges in electrical systems?

Voltage surges in electrical systems are commonly attributed to events that introduce sudden changes in voltage levels. Lightning strikes, for instance, can produce powerful electromagnetic effects that cause surges in the electrical systems they strike or nearby, potentially resulting in equipment damage and safety hazards. Switching operations, such as the rapid opening or closing of circuit breakers or switches, can also create transient voltages due to inductive kickback or other effects in the circuit. Additionally, equipment malfunctions, such as those occurring in motors or transformers, can generate voltage spikes due to their operational dynamics or failures.

These factors highlight the importance of surge protection in electrical systems, as they are unpredictable and can occur at any time. Understanding this cause helps in designing systems that can withstand or mitigate the effects of voltage surges, thereby protecting both the equipment and the overall integrity of the electrical system.