What is the function of protective relays in distribution systems?

Protective relays play a crucial role in distribution systems by continually monitoring electrical parameters such as current, voltage, and frequency. Their primary function is to detect abnormal conditions or faults within the electrical system, such as overloads, short circuits, or ground faults. When these faults are identified, protective relays initiate protective actions to isolate the affected section of the network, thereby minimizing damage to equipment and ensuring safety for both personnel and infrastructure.

By disconnecting faulty components from the system, protective relays help maintain the overall reliability of the electrical distribution network, preventing widespread outages and further hazards. Their ability to respond quickly and accurately to faults makes them an essential element in modern electrical systems.