What is the function of protective relays in distribution equipment?

Protective relays play a crucial role in the operation of distribution equipment by actively monitoring the electrical system for any abnormal conditions, such as faults or overloads. When these irregularities are detected, protective relays initiate the necessary actions to protect the system, which may include tripping circuit breakers to isolate the faulty section of the circuit. This function is vital for ensuring safety, preventing equipment damage, and maintaining system reliability.

Unlike other options, such as providing voltage regulation, measuring current flow, or managing energy consumption, protective relays specifically focus on safeguarding the electrical infrastructure by responding to conditions that could lead to failures or hazards. These protective devices are essential for maintaining the integrity and safety of the electrical distribution system.