What is the meaning of "load balancing" in distribution systems?

Load balancing in distribution systems refers to the practice of distributing electrical loads evenly across the phases of a power distribution network. This is crucial because an unbalanced load can lead to several issues, including overheating of equipment, reduced efficiency, and increased losses due to the unequal sharing of electrical currents. By ensuring that each phase carries approximately the same amount of load, the overall performance of the system is improved, and the risk of equipment failure is minimized.

The concept is particularly important in three-phase systems, where balanced phases help maintain voltage stability and improve the reliability of electrical supply. Proper load balancing can also enhance the lifespan of transformers and other equipment, making it a vital aspect of electrical distribution system management.